What defines a "combatant" under international law?

The definition of a "combatant" under international law focuses primarily on those individuals who are members of the armed forces of a party to a conflict and who actively engage in hostilities. This category typically includes soldiers and armed personnel who are authorized to fight and participate in military operations against the opposing forces.

According to the principles outlined in the Geneva Conventions and other international humanitarian law, combatants are granted specific rights and protections, such as the right to participate in hostilities and, upon being captured, the right to be treated as prisoners of war. This recognition legitimizes their participation in conflict while ensuring that they are subject to the laws of war.

In contrast, the other choices do not align with the legal definition of a combatant: active supporters or civilians may contribute to military efforts without engaging in combat, and military contractors may be involved in supporting roles without being recognized as combatants under international law. Therefore, the essence of a combatant’s definition hinges on direct engagement in hostilities as members of an organized military force.