What legal principle protects civilians from attack during armed conflict?

The principle of distinction is fundamental in international humanitarian law and serves the essential purpose of protecting civilians during armed conflict. It requires all parties involved in an armed conflict to differentiate between combatants and non-combatants (civilians) at all times. This means that attacks may only be directed against military objectives and not against civilians or civilian objects.

The underlying rationale for this principle is to minimize unnecessary suffering and to uphold the rights of individuals who are not participating in hostilities. By ensuring that combatants are distinguished from civilians, this principle aims to protect the civilian population and their property from harm during warfare.

An effective application of the principle of distinction is crucial for maintaining moral and legal standards in armed conflict, as adherence helps to safeguard the lives and well-being of those who are not involved in fighting. This not only aligns with ethical considerations in warfare but also complies with various legal obligations under the Geneva Conventions and other international laws.