What principle of the Law of War imposes the obligation to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants?

The principle of the Law of War that imposes the obligation to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants is indeed distinction. This principle is fundamental to international humanitarian law (IHL) and aims to protect those who are not participating in hostilities, such as civilians, from the effects of armed conflict. The principle of distinction requires that parties to a conflict must always differentiate between combatants, who are legitimate military targets, and non-combatants, who should not be harmed.

Adhering to this principle helps ensure that military operations are conducted in a manner that minimizes harm to civilians and civilian infrastructure. This is crucial for maintaining moral and legal standards during warfare and reflects the broader goals of IHL to limit the effects of armed conflict on people and property.

In contrast, proportionality pertains to the need to ensure that the anticipated military advantage gained from an attack is not outweighed by the potential harm to civilians or civilian objects. Military necessity allows for the use of force necessary to achieve a legitimate military objective, but it is still bound by the principle of distinction. Humanity is the overarching principle that ensures humane treatment and protection for all persons not actively participating in hostilities. Each of these principles plays a vital role in the conduct of military operations,