Which category of cyber operations focuses on keeping out malicious entries?

The focus of defensive cyber operations (DCO) is on protecting networks, systems, and data against unauthorized access, attacks, and other malicious activities. DCO involves implementing measures and strategies to detect, prevent, and respond to cyber threats. This category emphasizes maintaining the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information systems by identifying vulnerabilities and mitigating risks associated with cyber threats.

By concentrating on keeping out malicious entries, defensive cyber operations ensure that any potential intrusions are thwarted before they can compromise the security posture of an organization. Techniques employed in DCO may include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and continuous monitoring for suspicious activities that could lead to data breaches or cyber-attacks.

In contrast, offensive cyber operations (OCO) focus on proactively engaging adversaries and may involve counter-attacks or operations that disrupt the enemy's capabilities. Establishing cyber policy pertains more to governance and regulatory frameworks for managing cybersecurity practices rather than actively protecting systems from threats. Civilian cyber monitoring could involve surveillance and threat detection but does not encompass the comprehensive protective measures inherent in defensive cyber operations.